Objective To investigate the current situation of workplace violence experienced by medical personnel in hospitals of different levels in Shanxi Province, analyze its influencing factors, and propose preventive measures for workplace violence.

Methods Using a stratified sampling method, a total of 923 medical personnel from five tertiary hospitals and five secondary hospitals in Shanxi Province were surveyed by a general information questionnaire, the Workplace Violence Questionnaire for Medical Personnel, and the Workplace Violence Inducing Factors Perception Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the influencing factors of workplace violence.

Results A total of 867 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 93.93%. Among these participants, 508 were from the top tertiary hospitals and 359 were from secondary hospitals. Within the past year, 594 medical personnel experienced workplace violence in hospitals, with an incidence rate of 68.51%; verbal abuse was the highest incidence.Among the 18 perception items for workplace violence -inducing factors, scores for 13 items were higher among medical personnel in the top tertiary hospitals than those in secondary hospitals(all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that: (1) Compared with medical personnel in secondary hospitals, medical personnel in the top tertiary hospitals faced a higher risk of workplace violence(OR = 1.591, P < 0.01); (2) Compared to those with a monthly average income ≥ 6 000 yuan, those with a monthly average income < 3 000 yuan faced a higher risk of workplace violence(OR = 2.419, P < 0.001); (3) Compared with those working hours < 8 hours per day, medical personnel with daily working hours of 8 to 10 hours per day and > 10 hours per day had higher risks of workplace violence(OR = 2.381, 5.008, both P < 0.001); (4) Compared with administrative departments, medical personnel in internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and emergency departments faced higher risks of workplace violence(OR = 2.934 to 12.662, all P < 0.01); (5) The less organizational support a hospital provides to prevent workplace violence, the higher the risk faced by medical personnel (OR = 1.411 to 1.829, all P < 0.05).

Conclusions The incidence of workplace violence among medical personnel in hospitals of different levels in Shanxi Province was high. Relevant authorities should reasonably allocate healthcare resources, pay attention to the physical and mental well-being of medical personnel, strengthen the prevention and control of workplace violence in clinical departments, and provide more organizational support in order to comprehensively prevent workplace violence incidents.