Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among medical staff at community health service centers and to provide scientific evidence for improving the health of medical workers and ensuring the quality and stability of primary healthcare services.

Methods In April 2024, a cluster random sampling method was used to select medical staff from three community health service centers in Qingpu District as study participants. The occurrence of WMSDs was investigated using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify potential influencing factors.

Results A total of 445 questionnaires were distributed, and 422 valid responses were collected, with a valid response rate of 94.83%. The overall prevalence of WMSDs among these 422 medical staff was 52.61% (222/422), with the neck being the most frequently affected site (39.81%), followed by the shoulders (34.83%), lower back (27.73%), upper back (12.32%), and knees (10.19%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female medical staff had a higher risk of developing WMSDs than males (OR = 4.187, 95%CI: 2.116 to 8.284); the staff aged 41 to 50 and 51 to 60 had higher risks compared to those under 30 years old (OR = 2.325 and 3.490, 95%CI: 1.033 to 5.231 and 1.267 to 9.615, respectively); those in good health status had a lower risk compared to those in poor health status (OR = 0.287, 95%CI: 0.087 to 0.944); the staff maintaining a fixed posture of the back or a forward head posture for extended periods had increased risk (OR = 1.925 and 2.161, 95%CI: 1.055 to 3.512 and 1.174 to 3.979, respectively); the staff having adequate rest time had a reduced risk (OR = 0.516, 95%CI: 0.277 to 0.959). All these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions The prevalence of WMSDs among medical staff at community health service centers in Qingpu District was relatively high, particularly in the neck and shoulders, warranting serious attention. Special focus should be given to female and middle-aged to older medical staff. Preventive measures such as optimizing working postures and ensuring adequate rest time should be adopted to reduce the occurrence of WMSDs.