汤俊哲, 邵群, 侯青芝, 厉铭, 邵华, 蔡如华, 贾强. 景德镇市1983—2023年职业性尘肺病患者特征及生存分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2025, 43(4): 459-464. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2025.240764
引用本文: 汤俊哲, 邵群, 侯青芝, 厉铭, 邵华, 蔡如华, 贾强. 景德镇市1983—2023年职业性尘肺病患者特征及生存分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2025, 43(4): 459-464. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2025.240764
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TANG Junzhe, SHAO Qun, HOU Qingzhi, LI Ming, SHAO Hua, CAI Ruhua, JIA Qiang. Characteristics and survival analysis of occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Jingdezhen from 1983 to 2023[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2025, 43(4): 459-464. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2025.240764
Citation: TANG Junzhe, SHAO Qun, HOU Qingzhi, LI Ming, SHAO Hua, CAI Ruhua, JIA Qiang. Characteristics and survival analysis of occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Jingdezhen from 1983 to 2023[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2025, 43(4): 459-464. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2025.240764
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景德镇市1983—2023年职业性尘肺病患者特征及生存分析

Characteristics and survival analysis of occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Jingdezhen from 1983 to 2023

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析景德镇市新发职业性尘肺病患者发病特征及生存状况，为该市尘肺病防治工作提供科学依据。
    方法 收集景德镇市1983—2023年新发职业性尘肺病患者的相关数据，进行回顾性研究。采用Kaplan-Meier法与Cox回归模型进行生存分析。
    结果 自1983年以来，景德镇市新发职业性尘肺病患者共计2 439例，主要类型为矽肺、煤工尘肺和陶工尘肺。新发职业性尘肺病患者数量处于不断波动但整体下降的趋势。截至2023年12月，存活患者1 068例（占43.79%），死亡患者1 371例（占56.21%）。患者生存时间中位数M（P25，P75）为19.85（9.50，27.17）年，其5年、10年生存率分别为87.8%、74.1%。矽肺的5年、10年生存率分别为85.1%和71.3%；煤工尘肺的5年、10年生存率分别为93.1%和80.2%；陶工尘肺的5年、10年生存率分别为81.4%和67.6%。Cox回归模型分析显示：男性患者生存时间减少的风险为女性的2.258倍（P＜0.001）；陶工尘肺的生存时间减少的风险为煤工尘肺的1.600倍（P＜0.001）；首诊年龄为40.0 ~ ＜ 50.0岁、50.0 ~ ＜ 60.0岁、≥ 60.0岁的患者生存时间减少的风险分别是首诊年龄 ＜ 40.0岁的尘肺病患者的2.168、4.909和16.946倍（均P＜0.001）。患者主要的并发症为肺结核。
    结论 陶工尘肺是景德镇市危害最严重的职业病。相关部门应重点加强陶瓷生产企业的粉尘危害控制以及危害监测、工人健康体检和企业健康宣教等工作。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the characteristics and survival outcomes of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Jingdezhen and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in the region.
    Methods A retrospective study was conducted using data on newly diagnosed cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Jingdezhen from 1983 to 2023. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model.
    Results Since 1983, a total of 2 439 cases have been diagnosed in Jingdezhen, majorly as silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, and ceramic workers' pneumoconiosis, and the number of new pneumoconiosis cases has fluctuated but showed an overall downward trend. As of December 2023, 1 068 patients (43.79%) were still alive, while 1 371 (56.21%) had died. The median survival time (M) (P25, P75) was 19.85 (9.50, 27.17) years, with 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates of 87.8% and 74.1%, respectively. For silicosis patients, the 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 85.1% and 71.3%; for coal workers' pneumoconiosis, they were 93.1% and 80.2%; and for ceramic workers' pneumoconiosis, they were 81.4% and 67.6%. Cox regression analysis showed that male patients had a 2.258-fold higher risk of reduced survival time compared to females (P < 0.001); patients with ceramic workers' pneumoconiosis had a 1.600-fold higher risk of reduced survival time compared to those with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (P < 0.001); patients diagnosed at ages 40.0 to 49.0, 50.0 to 59.0, and ≥ 60.0 years old had 2.168, 4.909, and 16.946 times higher risks of reduced survival time compared to those diagnosed at ages ＜ 40 (all P < 0.001), respectively. Pulmonary tuberculosis was identified as the most common comorbidity.
    Conclusions Ceramic workers' pneumoconiosis posed the most serious occupational health threat in Jingdezhen. Targeted measures such as the control of dust hazards, as well as dust monitoring, occupational health examinations for workers, and workplace health education in ceramic manufacturing enterprises should be prioritized by the relevant authorities.

     

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