Abstract: By introducing the fundamental principles of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted triage in mass casualty incidents, as well as the practical applications of AI to help clinical diagnosis, prognosis prediction, optimized resource allocation, and intelligent physical task execution, this study discussed the role of AI technology in improving the accuracy, timeliness, and efficiency of injury assessment. It further discussed the challenges encountered in constructing the mass casualty database and developing the AI-based assessment model, with the aim to provide new perspectives and methodologies for the emergency response and medical treatment in mass casualty.