Objective To investigate the influencing factors on the occupational health of taxi drivers and to propose scientifically effective intervention measures targeting key determinants.

Methods Occupational health risks of taxi drivers were initially identified through questionnaire surveys and literature review. The Delphi method was employed to consult experts and establish an occupational health risk evaluation index system for taxi drivers. The Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) was applied to stratify the influencing factors. The subjective weights of indicators were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), while the objective weights were calculated using the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method based on inter-criterion correlations. Comprehensive weights of each indicator were then obtained through multiplicative synthesis normalization. Finally, the critical influencing factors were identified through this analysis.

Results The constructed occupational health risk evaluation system for taxi drivers comprised five primary indicators with combined weights: human factors (43.07%), material factors(32.82%), environmental factors(15.21%), work-related factors (3.35%), and organizational management factors(5.53%). These were further divided into 30 secondary indicators, including education level (0.81%), vehicle condition (20.15%), road condition (2.83%), working hours (0.32%), and safety inspection (0.93%). The influencing factors on the occupational health of taxi drivers were categorized into three hierarchical levels: direct key factors included driving experience(10.58%), sense of responsibility(5.57%), exposure to chemical agents(3.78%), social competence(3.75%), and exposure to physical agents(3.69%); indirect key factors included frequency of physical exercise(12.78%) and individual constitution(3.17%); and the fundamental key factor was vehicle condition(20.15%).

Conclusions The occupational health of taxi drivers was determined by multiple dimensions, including operational behavior, physiological exposure, and psychological adaptation. A systematic intervention strategy is recommended, encompassing preventive measures (vehicle condition improvement), regulatory measures during work (enhancing responsibility, controlling chemical and physical exposures, and strengthening social competence), and restorative measures (improving physical fitness and exercise). This integrated "vehicle-environment-individual" pathway provides a comprehensive approach to improving the occupational health of taxi drivers.